Israel Chemicals Ltd. has signed a memorandum of understanding with LLNP (Lev Leviev Namibia Phosphates) for a joint venture to mine phosphates offshore Namibia. The MOU calls for the companies to set up a demonstration plant to test the technological aspects and the economic feasibility of the project. The cost of the demonstration plant is estimated at $30 to $50 million dollars. The timetable calls for completion of the technological and economic feasibility studies by 2020. Commercial mining and fertilizer production would begin in 2022 or 2023.